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 George ROSENKRANZ & Edith STEIN

Chi non ha sentito parlare di George Rosenkranz il celebre chimico e ricercatore che ha completato importanti studi sul cortisone e che ha inventato la pillola per il controllo delle nascite? Certamente tutti, ma un numero molto minore di persone, conosce la sua grande passione per il bridge.

 György nasce in Ungheria a Budapest il 20 agosto del 1916, ma studia a Zurigo dove si laurea in Chimica Organica e conosce Jean Besse che gli presenta fuggevolmente il Bridge.

 Nel 1941 a causa dello scoppio del secondo conflitto mondiale non raggiunge Quito dove aveva ottenuto una cattedra universitaria e si trasferisce, invece, a Cuba come direttore di una casa farmaceutica rimanendovi fino al 1945.  Dopo la guerra accetta un lavoro in Mexico City e li fonda la Syntex Corporation e prende la cittadinanza messicana, ed è proprio in questa metropoli che si riavvicina al vecchio amore e riprende a giocare a Bridge, diventando oltre che un giocatore, anche uno studioso.

 Rapidamente acquista fama internazionale e rappresenta il suo Paese d'adozione in decine di Tornei internazionali tanto da diventare il primo Life Master messicano della storia del bridge.

  Nel 1983 partecipa alla Bermuda Bowl con la squadra americana accedendo alle semifinali ma nel suo Palmares di World Master figurano tra molti altri trofei anche 12 North American Bridge Championships e tra questi: 3 Vanderbilt, 2 Spingold, 2 Mitchell ed una Reisinger.

Durante la Spingold del 1984 viene preponetemene alle cronache il rapimento di sua moglie Edith Stein avvenuto nel garage dello Sheraton Hotel di Washington giovedì 19 luglio (lo stesso albergo dove si disputava il Campionato). George pagò immediatamente un riscatto di un milione di dollari e poté riabbracciare la consorte già la sera di sabato 20 luglio e in questa storia proprio tutto finì bene perché la polizia recuperò il riscatto e nel mentre George era impegnato nelle trattative con i rapitori, la sua squadra vinse la Spingold ! Di veramente straordinario in questa storia è che il cervello della banda dei rapitori, un certo Glenn Wright che venne arrestato prontamente dalla polizia di Washington, era un bridgista che stava partecipando ai Campionati Estivi!!

Non si sa come, ma George ha anche trovato il tempo per scrivere una decina di libri e di creare il noto sistema licitativo Romex

I suoi studi sulla fase dichiarativa sono ben noti ed alcune sue invenzioni come il Contro Rosenkranz, sono usate dai giocatori di mezzo mondo.

In particolare George ha rielaborato le Denial Cue Bid dandogli il più immaginifico nome di Spiral Cue Bid.

Nel 2000 la A.C.B.L., che gli ha concesso l'onore di far parte della Hall of Fame, e 10 anni prima gli aveva conferito il prestigioso titolo di giocatore dell'anno.

George ha avuto un lungo e felice matrimonio con Edith Stein, che è nata a Vienna, e che aveva conosciuto nel 1942 a L'Avana.  Edith, che è a sua volta una valente bridgista che nel suo palmares annovera tre NABC, gli ha dato tre figli: Roberto, Gerardo e Riccardo.

Georges si è spento nella sua casa di Atherton in California il 23 giugno del 2019.

George Rosenkranz (born as György Rosenkranz, August 20, 1916, in Budapest) is a Mexican scientist in steroid research and a professional bridge player.

He was born in Hungary, educated in Switzerland and lived in Mexico for 66 years. At Syntex corporation, he headed the research groups that synthesized a progestin used in some the first combined oral contraceptive pills and synthesized other useful steroids. He was the Chairman of the Board of the corporation until his retirement in 1996.

Born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1916, Rosenkranz studied chemical engineering at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, where he also received a Ph.D. degree. His mentor and future Nobel Prize winner, Lavoslav Ružička, began Rosenkranz's interest in steroid research. However, as Nazi sympathizers were active in Zurich.

Ružička shielded Rosenkranz and other Jewish colleagues, but the scientists soon realized that their stay was putting pressure on their mentor. "We got together and we decided to leave Switzerland to protect him," Rosenkranz said in a 2002 article for the Pan American Health Organization's magazine.

He planned to go to Quito, Ecuador, and chair a university organic chemistry department. However, when while waiting in Havana, Cuba for his ship to Ecuador, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. The United States immediately entered World War II, and the traveller was stuck. Rosenkranz decided to make the best of his situation. He accepted the Cuban president Fulgencio Batista's offer to let all refugees stay in the country and work.

While there, he continued his Zurich work on steroid research. The important role of hormones in human health was already acknowledged by the scientists, but an easy and cheap way to recreate them did not exist yet. Rosenkranz tried using vegetables. He attracted the interest of Syntex; the Mexican company had made a discovery of cabeza de negro, a toxic yam from Mexican hills, produced a steroid that could be transformed into the hormone progesterone. Rosenkranz moved to Mexico City in 1945. However, after a year, the company's co-founders split, and professor Russell Marker left and took his steroid formulas with him. Rosenkranz took his position.

He married Edith Stein in 1945. They have three sons, Roberto, Gerardo, Ricardo, and eight grandchildren. She has origins in Austria and is a good bridge player.

It was a huge challenge. Rosenkranz had to figure out how to recreate Marker's chemical production processes. He didn't have much help: Syntex employed nine lab assistants and only one other chemist. He started working backward, analyzing samples of Marker's work to tease out the ingredients. At the time, Mexico lacked a Ph.D. program in chemistry, so Rosenkranz recruited researchers from Mexico and around the world. When he couldn't find enough fully trained local chemists, he helped set up an Institute of Chemistry at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. He and his colleagues regularly worked at Syntex during the day and then spent the evenings teaching chemistry there. His team was soon reinforced with bright, young chemists, such as Carl Djerassi and Alejandro Zaffaroni. Rosenkranz also started the Institute for Molecular Biology in Palo Alto.

The hires paved the way for Syntex's next big discoveries. In the late 1940s, discovery of cortisone as an arthritis treatment was a hot topic, but no one had been able to create it cheaply and quickly. Rosenkranz's team started working in two shifts, and the long hours of work paid off—in 1951, Rosenkranz and his fellow researchers first submitted a paper on the synthesis of cortisone.

Five months later, under the direction of Djerassi and Rosenkranz, Mexican chemistry student Luis E. Miramontes recreated norethindrone. The company reached an agreement with American company Parke-Davis to market their "superhormone" as a pregnancy aid. Before the two firms were able to complete the deal, other parties had realized a wider use for norethindrone—as a pregnancy inhibitor. Parke-Davis, worried that groups opposed to birth control would boycott its other products, wouldn't market Syntex's product as a contraceptive. By 1962, a Johnson & Johnson division introduced Syntex's norethindrone product as a component of its birth control pill OrthoNovum. In 1964, Syntex came out with its own birth control product, Norinyl.

Rosenkranz understood that peer recognition, not just commercial success, was a key to keep scientists happy and productive. Unlike other pharmaceutical companies, Syntex published most of its steroid research. Between 1961 and 1962, scientists patented 1,378 new steroid compounds, 37% of those owned by Syntex.

"He's someone with enormously high internal standards and abilities, who somehow brings out the best in other people and has a certain infectious optimism, combined with a realistic approach" said Arnold Thackray, president of the Chemical Heritage Foundation.

Rosenkranz gave up his executive positions at Syntex in 1982. Although technically retired for the past 25 years, Rosenkranz is still active in the industry. He is a member of the board of Digital Gene Technologies and president of the advisory board of ICT Mexicana.

In addition to leadership in science, Rosenkranz is a world-class bridge player and one of the most successful in Mexico. He has won 12 North American Bridge Championships and has the rare distinction of having captured all four major team titles: the Grand Nationals, Reisinger, Spingold and Vanderbilt. He has represented Mexico and USA in dozens of world championship events since the early Sixties.

In addition to his playing successes, he has also made significant contributions to bidding theory. He authored the Romex bidding system, an extension of Standard American with many gadgets. He also invented the Rosenkranz double and Rosenkranz redouble and wrote 11 bridge books, most co-written with Philip Alder.

Georges is disappeared in your home in Atherton (CA) 2019, 23 June.

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